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The theme project of our group is the health care center, localized in Tanaf, in the southern part of Senegal near the river Casamance. Because of the river the inhabitants are forced to cross it in order to reach the one and only hospital of area. For this reason it is necessary the realisation of a structure more easily attainable. Health care centers acts as first aid for patients before they are taken to hospital. So they should be equipped with all the services and environments necessary for the performance of first aid. These are managed by nurses able to practise rehabilitation, provide health care and distribute basic medicines. They also need good ventilation to prevent the proliferation of bacteria and viruses. The focus of the project is the realisation of a structure composed by a sequence of modules. So it is adaptable depending on different necessities of spaces and it could be located not only in our assigned area but in any part of Senegal. The organization in plan follows the concept of fading. This fade is directly visible in our building, despite from far away the shape inspires the power of its institutionality. When climbing the entrance staircase and, then, approaching the covered porch, the user is gradually surrounded by the soul of a very precious building, maybe the most important for the community. From the 100% public space of the street until the specific uses of the health care center. The concept of a modular construction system was the only way to achieve organically this concept and keep on having a realistic way of build. Sustainable for the population and the environment. The main structure of the module is realized by pillars of wood that formed a regular grill for the entire structure. In these pillars you can fix panels having the size of 3 meters by 3. There are 3 different basic model of these panels, but many more can be invented and adapted for the use. The first one we designed is madey of bamboo sticks and raw soil and it is utilized as fixed block. The second one is transparent and is made with hemp (which is obtained by rice sacks). The third one is opaque and is made by typical fabrics of Senegal. These panels are also divided in 3 subpanels of 3 meters by 1. These little panels could be disassembled depending on needs, to create doors and windows. They could be easily transported because of their limited weight (about 8 kilos). The structure is composed by a mix of movable and unmovable walls. So it could be transformed and expanded in case of a bigger requirement and in case of a bigger number of users in the course of time. This makes the project flexible and adaptable as necessary. There is a double roof: the first one, which covers the fully boxed module, is made by bamboo sticks, the second one is made by corrugated iron sheets and gives shape to a big undefined roofing system which covers with its independent design, open, semiclosed and closed modules. Concerning the base, we lifted the structure with a plateau made out of a brick curbwall with a thickness of 40 cm. The wall system is then covered by a wooden planks floor. This choice safeguards the structure from moisture and protects from insects and snakes; this also allows installation to be freely distributed under the structure. Rainwater, collected by the iron roof will be send to the middle of the plot. There we have organised a phytopurification system to filter and purify water. Water is taken by roof in specific points and then is carried through a system of tubes to an underground tank (2,5 meters deep). After that water arrives (with a system of pumps) in a layer composed by bamboo plants, river sand and laterite of different dimensions. Here water got purify by bamboo and after that arrives in another tank. Now it’s ready to use. Our health center is also composed by a kitchen, an operating theatre, and a pharmacy where you can buy every kind of medicine. There is also a central courtyard. It is an important socializing element between users of center. It could be used as a place where people could drink tea, in respect of tradiction. In closing we can speak about not only a project but also an architectural system which is adaptable depending on different needs and requirements and repeatable in whatever area of Senegal.
Project by:
KAAN Architekten_Giuseppe Mazzaglia
ACA_Sebastiano Amore, Angela Campione, Claudio Zampaglione, Annamaria Pisani, Luciano Gioia, Walter Vecchio
Angelo Monteleone, Pablo Losa Fantagordo, Walter Pettinato, Francesco Montruccoli, Giuseppe Campailla, Giuseppe Saitta, Carmelo Mobilia, Alessio Marano, Medeo Ferrigna, Mattia Bencistà
